Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae) is a medium-large butterfly, with a wingspan of 2.5 to 4 inches. In our local area, it can be seen all year round. Numbers peak in September-October. There is no native host plant in California; host plants are various species of Passion Vine (Passiflora). Caterpillars feed primarily on the leaves of the host plant, but are known to eat flowers on occasion. Adult butterflies use nectar from many flowers, including Lantana and Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia). More than most other butterflies, adults stay very close to the host plants.
This butterfly is a relative newcomer to the Bay Area. Common in Florida and Texas, it was introduced into southern California in the 19th century. It seems to have become established in the Bay Area only in the 1950s.
It is found in South America, Central America, the southern half of the US, and also in Hawai’i.
